UNITED NATIONS, Apr 19 (APP):India is poised to overtake China as the world’s most populous nation, with almost 3 million more people than China by the middle of this year, according to a major report released by the United Nations on Wednesday.
In its 2023 State of World Population report, UNFPA, the UN sexual and reproductive health agency, Pakistan’s population is projected at 240.4 million.
India is going to have a population of 1,428.6 million – 2.9 million more than China, the report said. This was expected as China’s populations began to decline in the last few years.
Eight countries – the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines and the United Republic of Tanzania – will account for half the projected growth in global population by 2050, it added.
The report doesn’t say by which date India will actually surpass. Reuters quoted UN population officials as saying that the date couldn’t be ascertained due to a lack of information from India.
The officials, according to Reuters, attributed it to the delay in the Census that was supposed to be conducted in India in 2021 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The last Census was conducted in 2011. It is yet unclear when the decennial Census will be conducted.
The UNFPA report said that while reaching the milestone of eight billion people on Earth was a reminder of “our unprecedented gains”, concerns over the number were “causing anxiety, and driving more governments to try to influence fertility rates.”
However, the agency notes that thriving and inclusive societies can be built, regardless of population size, if countries are prepared to radically rethink how we talk about, and plan for, population change.
“The relationship between reproductive autonomy and healthier lives is an uncontested truth”, said UNFPA’s Executive Director, Natalia Kanem, in her foreword to the report.
“As women are empowered to make choices about their bodies and lives, they and their families thrive – and their societies thrive as well.”
However that was not the message most received at the news of the eight billion milestone last November. “Instead, many headlines warned of a world teetering into overpopulation”, leaving the rights and potential of individuals, to “fade too easily into the background”
“Over and over, we see birth rates identified as a problem – and a solution – with little acknowledgement of the agency of the people doing the birthing”, Ms. Kanem added.
The key statistics, clearly demonstrate the lack of agency experienced by millions of women worldwide. Around 24 per cent of women and girls, are unable to say no to sex, while 11 per cent are unable to make decisions over contraception.
A survey of eight countries for the report, shows that people exposed to media or conversations over population growth, were more likely to see it as “too high”.
The demographics paint a more nuanced picture, said UNFPA. Two-thirds of people are now living in “low fertility contexts”, while just eight countries will account for half the projected growth in population by 2050.
Too often, the reproductive goals of individuals, are being thwarted, due to unplanned pregnancies, lack of access to contraception, or quality obstetric care, infertility, and economic instability, said UNFPA.
Furthermore, blaming fertility rates for climate change, will totally fail to hold the greatest carbon emitters to account. Out of eight billion, 5.5 billion simply don’t make enough money to influence carbon emission increases.
The best solution for managing population change and for building resilient societies, UNFPA argues, is to advance gender equality.
Doing so, “is an often-overlooked solution”, said Ms. Kanem: “In ageing, low-fertility countries, with labour productivity concerns, achieving gender parity in the workforce is considered the most effective way to improve productivity and income growth.
“In high-fertility countries, empowerment through education and family planning, is known to yield enormous dividends in the form of economic growth and human capital development”, she added.
The UNFPA chief said this was the main reason why the agency is calling for “expanded efforts to realize bodily autonomy” and support sexual and reproductive health and rights for everyone.
This right, she added, “should be the starting point for all conversations about population.”
UNFPA in the report, is calling on all governments to uphold human rights, strengthen pension and healthcare systems, promote active and healthy aging, protect migrants’ rights, and seek to mitigate the damaging impact of climate change.
